For other cultivated and wild species of the genus, see Avena. The oat (Avena sativa), sometimes called the common oat, is a species of cereal grain grown for its seed, which is known by the same name (usually in the plural, unlike other cereals and pseudocereals). While oats are suitable for human consumption as oatmeal and rolled oats, one of the most common uses is as livestock feed. Oats are a nutrient- rich food associated with lower blood cholesterol when consumed regularly. Genetic evidence shows the ancestral forms of A. Domesticated oats appear relatively late, and far from the Near East, in Bronze Age Europe. Oats, like rye, are usually considered a secondary crop, i. As these cereals spread westwards into cooler, wetter areas, this may have favored the oat weed component, and have led to its domestication. They have a lower summer heat requirement and greater tolerance of rain than other cereals, such as wheat, rye or barley, so are particularly important in areas with cool, wet summers, such as Northwest Europe and even Iceland. Oats are an annual plant, and can be planted either in autumn (for late summer harvest) or in the spring (for early autumn harvest). Oatmeal is chiefly eaten as porridge, but may also be used in a variety of baked goods, such as oatcakes, oatmeal cookies and oat bread. Oats are also an ingredient in many cold cereals, in particular muesli and granola. Historical attitudes towards oats have varied. Oat bread was first manufactured in Britain, where the first oat bread factory was established in 1. Welcome To The Magic of Homemade Chinese Soups Website. If you are new to Chinese cooking, I hope you will find and use the recipes and tips in Homemade Chinese. Weight Watchers is one of the most successful programs for weight loss and has many dedicated members who have. In Scotland, they were, and still are, held in high esteem, as a mainstay of the national diet. In Scotland, a dish was made by soaking the husks from oats for a week, so the fine, floury part of the meal remained as sediment to be strained off, boiled and eaten. The oat hull may be crushed (. They may be given alone or as part of a blended food pellet. Cattle are also fed oats, either whole or ground into a coarse flour using a roller mill, burr mill, or hammer mill. Winter oats may be grown as an off- season groundcover and ploughed under in the spring as a green fertilizer, or harvested in early summer. They also can be used for pasture; they can be grazed a while, then allowed to head out for grain production, or grazed continuously until other pastures are ready. The Best Meat Alternatives and Veggie Burger for Rapid Weight Loss.The straw can also be used for making corn dollies. Tied in a muslin bag, oat straw was used to soften bath water. Oats are also occasionally used in several different drinks. In Britain, they are sometimes used for brewing beer. Oatmeal stout is one variety brewed using a percentage of oats for the wort. The more rarely used oat malt is produced by the Thomas Fawcett & Sons Maltings and was used in the Maclay Oat Malt Stout before Maclays Brewery ceased independent brewing operations. A cold, sweet drink called avena made of ground oats and milk is a popular refreshment throughout Latin America. Oatmeal caudle, made of ale and oatmeal with spices, was a traditional British drink and a favourite of Oliver Cromwell. In a 1. 00 gram serving, oats provide 3. Daily Value, DV) of protein (3. DV), dietary fiber (4. DV), several B vitamins and numerous dietary minerals, especially manganese (2. DV) (table). Oats are 6. The established property of their cholesterol- lowering effects. Its daily consumption over weeks lowers LDL (. To qualify for the health claim, the whole oat- containing food must provide at least 0. In oats, barley and other cereal grains, they are located primarily in the endospermcell wall. The oat beta- glucan health claim applies to oat bran, rolled oats, whole oat flour and oatrim, a soluble fraction of alpha- amylasehydrolyzed oat bran or whole oat flour. Oat beta- glucan is composed of mixed- linkage polysaccharides. This means the bonds between the D- glucose or D- glucopyranosyl units are either beta- 1, 3 linkages or beta- 1, 4 linkages. This type of beta- glucan is also referred to as a mixed- linkage (1. In comparison, the indigestible polysaccharide cellulose is also a beta- glucan, but is not soluble because of its (1. The minor protein of oat is a prolamine, avenin. Oat protein is nearly equivalent in quality to soy protein, which World Health Organization research has shown to be equal to meat, milk and egg protein. An early start is crucial to good fields, as oats go dormant in summer heat. Founded in 1754 as King's College by royal charter, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the State of New York. Located in New York City and a member of. Despite my insistence that the MMM family eats outlandishly well these days, I take a fair amount of flak from certain readers on the subject of food: “Food is not. In warmer areas, oats are sown in late summer or early fall. Oats are cold- tolerant and are unaffected by late frosts or snow. Seeding rates. Lower rates are used when interseeding with a legume. Somewhat higher rates can be used on the best soils, or where there are problems with weeds. Excessive sowing rates lead to problems with lodging, and may reduce yields. Fertilizer requirements. They also remove phosphorus in the form of P2. O5 at the rate of 0. Oats remove potash (K2. O) at a rate of 0. Usually, 5. 0–1. 00 kg/ha (4. A sufficient amount of nitrogen is particularly important for plant height and hence, straw quality and yield. When the prior- year crop was a legume, or where ample manure is applied, nitrogen rates can be reduced somewhat. Weed control. A few tall broadleaf weeds, such as ragweed, goosegrass, wild mustard, and buttonweed (velvetleaf), occasionally create a problem, as they complicate harvest and reduce yields. These can be controlled with a modest application of a broadleaf herbicide, such as 2,4- D, while the weeds are still small. Pests and diseases. However, Puccinia coronata var. See also List of oat diseases. Harvesting. 1. 89. Photo: Axel Lindahl/Norwegian Museum of Cultural History)Harvest techniques are a matter of available equipment, local tradition, and priorities. Farmers seeking the highest yield from their crops time their harvest so the kernels have reached 3. They then harvest by swathing, cutting the plants at about 1. They leave the windrows to dry in the sun for several days before combining them using a pickup header. Finally, they bale the straw. Oats can also be left standing until completely ripe and then combined with a grain head. This causes greater field losses as the grain falls from the heads, and to harvesting losses, as the grain is threshed out by the reel. Without a draper head, there is also more damage to the straw, since it is not properly oriented as it enters the combine's throat. Overall yield loss is 1. Historical harvest methods involved cutting with a scythe or sickle, and threshing under the feet of cattle. Late 1. 9th- and early 2. Oats were gathered into shocks, and then collected and run through a stationary threshing machine. Storage. Sometimes, when there is not enough bin space, they are augered into portable grain rings, or piled on the ground. Oats can be safely stored at 1. Yield and quality. If over 3. 6 lb/US bu (4. No. 4 and oats under 3. US bu (4. 63 kg/m. The average production is 1. Straw yields are variable, ranging from one to three tonnes per hectare, mainly due to available nutrients and the variety used (some are short- strawed, meant specifically for straight combining). Processing. Oats are fed by gravity onto the centre of a horizontally spinning stone, which accelerates them towards the outer ring. Groats and hulls are separated on impact with this ring. The lighter oat hulls are then aspirated away, while the denser oat groats are taken to the next step of processing. Oat hulls can be used as feed, processed further into insoluble oat fibre, or used as a biomass fuel. Kilning. Oat groats are high in fat (lipids) and once removed from their protective hulls and exposed to air, enzymatic (lipase) activity begins to break down the fat into free fatty acids, ultimately causing an off- flavour or rancidity. Oats begin to show signs of enzymatic rancidity within four days of being dehulled if not stabilized. This process is primarily done in food- grade plants, not in feed- grade plants. Groats are not considered raw if they have gone through this process; the heat disrupts the germ and they cannot sprout. Sizing of groats. Groats are sized and separated using screens, shakers and indent screens. After the whole oat groats are separated, the remaining broken groats get sized again into the three groups (coarse, regular, fine), and then stored. When not enough broken groats are available to size for further processing, whole oat groats are sent to a cutting unit with steel blades that evenly cut groats into the three sizes above. Final processing. Oat flakes, also known as rolled oats, have many different sizes, thicknesses and other characteristics depending on the size of oat groats passed between the rolls. Typically, the three sizes of steel cut oats are used to make instant, baby and quick rolled oats, whereas whole oat groats are used to make regular, medium and thick rolled oats. Oat flakes range in thickness from 0. Oat bran milling. The two separate products (flour and bran) get sifted through a gyrating sifter screen to further separate them. The final products are oat bran and debranned oat flour. Whole flour milling. The coarser flour is sent back to the grinding unit until it is ground fine enough to be whole oat flour. This method is used often in India and other countries. In India whole grain flour of oats (jai) used to make Indian bread known as jarobra in Himachal Pradesh. Oat flour preparation at home. J Gastroenterol Hepatol (Review). Similar proteins to the gliadin found in wheat exist as secalin in rye, hordein in barley, and avenins in oats and are collectively referred to as “gluten.” Derivatives of these grains such as triticale and malt and other ancient wheat varieties such as spelt and kamut also contain gluten. The gluten found in all of these grains has been identified as the component capable of triggering the immune- mediated disorder, coeliac disease. M.; Abbott, M; Koerner, T. B.; Godefroy, S (2. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. World J Gastroenterol. Oz Recipes From His Show, Healthy Ingredients, Weight Loss. Dr. Oz has a lot of great recipes that are healthy and can also help youlose weight at the same time. This page will be share all of the latest and greatest recipes from his show. Oz Lose 1. 0 Pounds by Summer Recipes – Ready to drop 1. Oz shares healthy recipes of traditional delicacy desserts and comfort foods. Oz's 2. 1 Day Breakthrough Diet plan. Oz's 2. 1 Day Breakthrough Diet Recipes? Oz that will make your mouth water and it's a healthy recipe that the whole family can enjoy. Oz talks about negative calorie foods and how you can burn more calorie and raise your resting metabolism just by the foods you eat. Oz shares 2. 0 of the best Day Off Recipes that will help you meet your goal weight while satisfying your cravings. Oz challenged his viewers to send in their favorite crock pot slow cooker dishes. Oz loves quinoa, so this was a recipe that he absolutely loved. Oz shares a recipe that will help to prevent acid reflux and/or reduce symptoms associated with acid reflux. Low sodium nutritious recipe of those delicious noodle packages were grew up eating as kids. Slim bottom dip, slimming salad, and cottage cheese and black bean recipe for women with big bottoms. Sun Dried Tomato Mayo and Flax Seed Silver Almond Coating flavor boosters. Lower calories and fat than their competitors. Some surprisingly recipes include the Chewy Chocolate Truffle, Peanut Butter and Banana Quesadilla, and Pita Pizza Pocket, Skinny Dip and Chips. Weil's Pasta Puttanesca With Tuna – Andrew Weil shares his anti- cancer Pasta Puttanesca with Tuna recipe with Dr. Oz says that you can diet while still enjoying a cocktail. Oz recommended during his 2. Oz about her life with Celiacs disease and describes her gluten free lifestyle. Oz, How To Make Healthy Pizza. Big Daddy from the Food Network shared his delicious way to make a healthy pizza with the audience and viewers at home. Healthy Pizza Recipe. Dr. Oz 1. 00 Calorie Brownies Recipe. How would you like to eat a brownie for less than 1. No guilt, and need to run three miles after you eat the brownie! Check out the ingredients for this delicious 1. Calorie Brownies Recipe. Oz Fat Burner Noodle Pudding. Dr. Oz said that to help you get rid of your belly fat you should eat most of your daily carbohydrates in the morning and less in the evening. Oz shares healthy alternative options for some of America's favorite foods. Learn how you can eat healthy without sacrificing taste. Veggie Pizza, Tilapia Tacos, and Barbecue Sauce Recipes. Oz's daughter Daphne makes an appearance on the show and she went through a woman's cupboards to make a recipe made out of whatever ingredients she could find. She came up with the Booty Blasting Burger Recipe. Oz' 4. 8 Hour Weekend Cleanse. Dr. Oz shares his personal 4. The dessert only takes 5 minutes to make and has healthy ingredients such as cinnamon, greek yogurt, and pears! Oz's Oat Meal Cookie Christmas Recipe. You don't have to deprive yourself at Christmas time, and you don't have to pack on the pounds when you indulge in delicious treats during the Holidays. Oz shared some Vitamin B1. Boosting Recipes that will boost your Vitamin B1. Oz invited on a guest family who lost over 5. Oz show to share her pasta recipe that is combined with Mediterranean Diet ideology.
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